Need more help with Latin nouns, pronouns, and adjectives? Check out these videos that cover the five declensions and cases, pronouns like ego and nos, and adjectives.
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Basics of Declension
Unlike English, Latin is an inflected language (which means that the endings of nouns change based on its role in the se…
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Latin's Case System
One of the big hurdles for any beginning Latin student is dealing with the case system, which essentially does not exist…
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The First Declension
This may be the first thing you ever learned with Latin, and the first is always the best. This video covers the declen…
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The Second Declension
The second declension is closely related to the first, just with a quick vowel change. This video covers the declension…
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The Neuter Second Declension
Slightly different from masculine nouns, neuter nouns of the second declension follow specific rules for neuters. Learn…
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The Third Declension
The third declension has many of the most interesting Latin words. This video covers the declension of third declension…
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The Neuter Third Declension
The third declension has nouns of all genders, including the neuter. Unlike the regular masculine/feminine declension, …
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The Fourth Declension
The fourth declension is the u declension, and once you see the endings, you will understand why. This video covers the…
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The Fourth Declension Neuter
The fourth declension neuter is essentially just two words: cornu and genu. These are the only ones you'll ever see real…
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The Fifth Declension
The fifth is the last of the declensions, where the letter e has a big say. This video covers the endings for the fifth…
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Latin Gender
All Latin nouns have a gender - they are masculine, feminine, or even neuter. Why? Sometimes it's because they refer t…
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First and Second Declension Adjectives
Adjectives are always bothersome. We know they describe nouns, but in Latin they take the same case, number, and gender…
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Third Declension Adjectives
Much like their first and second declension counterparts, third declension endings modify nouns, with which they agree i…
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Ablative Absolutes
Ablative absolutes are a peculiar and unique use of the ablative case, not necessarily found in English today. With thi…
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The Genitive of Possession
The genitive case is the "of" case in Latin, and its most common use is to show possession, often a noun possessing anot…
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The Vocative Case
Hey you, learn this case. It's pretty easy, given that for most nouns it's the same as the nominative. The only differ…
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is, ea, id
The word is, ea, id serves double duty as both an adjective ("that") and the third person pronoun ("he, she, it" etc.). …
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Third Person Plural
This video shows how you can turn a sentence with a third person singular verb into one with a third person plural verb.…
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hic, haec, hoc
*This* video teaches the Latin word for "this" in all of its wonderful forms and parts of speech. hic, haec, hoc is not…
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Personal Pronouns
I, me, you, we, us, all of these are personal pronouns, and Latin has different forms for these words depending on how t…
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iste, ista, istud
The demonstrative iste, ista, istud has a lot in common with its cousin ille, illa, illud: both mean "that", both are de…
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ille, illa, illud
That is a lot like this. This video covers the declension and use the demonstrative ille, illa, illud. That is the wor…
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Third Declension i-Stems
The third declension is a little bit more varied than many choose to admit. Along with the standard endings (which belon…
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More on Third Declension i-Stems
Language is messy, and the fact that there is more to talk about with third declension i-stems is evidence of that fact.…
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The Naughty Nine, UNUS NAUTA, or Pronominal Adjectives
There is a set of adjectives in the first and second declension that doesn't quite follow the standard set of rules. We …
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Rule 1: Apposition
The first rule of Latin grammar is that two nouns that refer to the same thing are going to be in the same case. This is…
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Rule 26: Dative with Special Verbs
When is the verb's object not in the accusative case? When it's a special verb! (Then it's in the dative case) This vide…
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Rule 25: The Dative of Indirect Object
Perhaps the simplest and most important use of the dative is the indirect object - this is the dative that's used with v…
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Rule 27: The Dative with Compounds
A long time ago when I was in college, my professor noticed that I had trouble with compound verbs that take the dative,…
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Rule 23: The Genitive with Verbs of Reminding
In contrast to verbs of remembering, verbs of reminding take both the accusative of who is being reminded, along with th…
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Rule 30: The Dative of Reference
There are two big uses of the dative case - the dative as the indirect object and the dative of reference. This video lo…
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Rule 31: The Dative of Separation
Similar to both the ablative of separation and dative of reference is the dative of separation. This use of the dative c…
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Rule 28: The Dative of Possession
Without knowing it, you might have already used the dative of possession on your very first day of learning Latin. This …
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Rule 29: The Dative of Agent
The gerundive of obligation/passive periphrastic often requires the dative of agent (rather than the ablative) when iden…
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Rule 32: The Double Dative and Dative of Purpose
The double dative is a peculiar beast seen only rarely in the wild. This use involves the dative of purpose (also discus…
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Rule 33: The Dative with Adjectives
The final use of the dative case in the 91 Rules series is when the dative is used after certain adjectives. This video …
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Rule 34: The Direct Object Accusative
Latin, unlike English, uses the endings of nouns to identify the role that a noun is playing in the sentence. The direct…
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Rule 36: The Predicate Accusative
Verbs of calling, naming, and the like can take two different accusatives, one that is the direct object and the other t…
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Rule 37: The Accusative with Compound Verbs
Some compound verbs (and by some, I mean four) can take two different accusatives, with the second accusative dependent …
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Rule 38: The Accusative with Verbs of Teaching and Showing
In the last two videos, I've been covering verbs that take two accusatives, and this is the final video on that topic: v…
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Rule 39: The Accusative Subject of an Infinitive
The accusative case can function as more than a direct object - it can be the subject of certain infinitives. This rule …
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Rule 40: The Accusative with Time and Space
In our final review of the accusative case, we look at the how the accusative can be used without a preposition to show …
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Rule 41: The Ablative of Separation
We begin our review of the ablative case by talking about the original use of the ablative: separation. This use is the …
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Rule 42: The Ablative of Source/Material
We stick with the separative ablative as we explore the ablative of source - namely the object that an ablative comes fr…
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Rule 43: The Ablative of Cause
The ablative case can be used to show the cause of the action, in the sense of "we were praised because of our kindness"…
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Rule 45: The Ablative of Comparison
Part of the ablative of separation is the ablative with comparisons, which is commonly translated in English with "than"…
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Rule 46: Comparisons with Quam
We will take a break from our review of the ablative case to look a bit more closely at comparisons. We previously had l…
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Rule 47: The Ablative of Means/Instrument
We move on from our survey of the separative ablative by looking at the ablative when used as means or instrument. This …
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Rule 35: The Cognate Accusative
In both English and Latin, there exists a certain type of object that's used after intransitive verbs, which don't norma…
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Rule 44: The Ablative of Agent
We often see the ablative of agent with passive verbs, identifying who the doer of the action is (since the subject in a…
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Rule 48: The Ablative with PUFF-V Deponents
There are five deponent verbs which take their object in the ablative case, rather than the accusative case. These are t…
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Rule 49: The Ablative with opus and u¯sus
Similar to the previous rule with utor and the other PUFF-V deponents, the words opus and usus, when they signify need, …
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Rule 50: The Ablative of Manner
Many uses of the ablative case are the noun used adverbially, and the ablative of manner, used with the preposition cum,…
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Rule 51: The Ablative of Accompaniment
One of the more common prepositions in Latin is cum, meaning "with". When it's used to show a companion to some action, …
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Rule 52: The Ablative of Degree of Difference
There are two types of ablatives that you can find around comparisons, the ablative of comparison that means "than", and…
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Rule 53: The Ablative of Description
Most uses of the ablative case are adverbial - that is, they function in ways similar to adverbs. Not so with the ablati…
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Rule 54: The Ablative of Price
If you want to buy something for a couple of bucks, in Latin you'd use the ablative case. This is similar to a use of th…
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Rule 56: The Ablative with dignus and indignus
This video is a sequel to rule 55, since the adjectives dignus and indignus take an ablative of respect (also known as t…
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Rule 57: The Ablative Absolute
The ablative absolute is arguably the most important bit of complex grammar in Latin. It combines cases with participles…
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The Colors of Latin
I teach the Latin of classical Rome, and its color system is a little different from what we have in many languages toda…
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Rule 58: Time with the Ablative and Accusative
How did the Romans tell time? One way to answer this is with a sundial, but a different way is with the accusative and a…
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Rule 55: The Ablative of Respect/Specification
The ablative case is used to give more specific information about an action (verb) or adjective. This is called either t…
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Rule 60: Nouns that Take the Locative
This video comes right on the heels of learning about relations of place with prepositions. Names of cities, towns, and …
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Comparative Adjectives
If you want to compare two objects, you will want to use an adjective in the comparative degree. This video discusses no…
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The Latin Relative Pronoun: qui, quae, quod
The relative clause, which is introduced by the pronoun qui, quae, quod (who, which), is likely the most common subordin…
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The Prepositional Phrase in Latin
The Latin prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and a noun object in the correct case. This video covers the ba…
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Rule 73: Gerunds and Gerundives
We continue learning about verbal nouns and adjectives by exploring the use of gerunds and gerundives in the genitive, d…
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Rule 74: The Accusative Supine
The supine is a fourth declension verbal noun that is almost entirely unique to Latin. We commonly see it as the fourth …
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Rule 75: The Ablative Supine
The supine is a fourth declension verbal noun that is almost entirely unique to Latin. We commonly see it as the fourth …
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An Introduction to the Dative Case
The dative case is often the third case you will learn when you begin studying Latin. While the nominative case is used …
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The Surprising Origin of 'Bus' ??? #tutorial #latin #etymology #grammar #language
The ending of the dative case in Latin gives us a surprisingly common word in English: a mode of transportation that's l…
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The Fascinating Origin of Prepositions Explained #latin #tutorial #grammar
Latin famously uses cases to identify the role of a noun in the sentence, but English uses prepositions. Where did these…
